Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals

Category: Fundamentals
Respiration involves ventilation (the movement of gases in/out of the lungs), diffusion (the movement of oxygen & carbon dioxide between the alveoli/RBCs) and perfusion (the distribution of RBCs to and from the pulmonary capillaries).

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Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals

Category: Fundamentals
The bladder normally holds as much as 600 mL of urine. However, individuals are able to sense the desire to urinate when the bladder contains a smaller amount of urine (150 mL to 200 mL in an adult and 50 mL to 100 mL in a child).

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Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals

Category: Fundamentals
Sleep apnea is a disorder characterized by the lack of airflow through the nose and mouth for periods of 10 seconds or longer during sleep. There are three types of sleep apnea: central, obstructive and mixed apnea.

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Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals

Category: Fundamentals
Normally urine is sterile. However, when a client has a urinary tract infection (UTI), microorganisms exit during urination or through urinary diversions such as ileostomies and suprapubic drains.

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Psychiatric Nursing

Category: Psychiatric Nursing
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used to subdue severe manic behavior, especially in patients with treatment-resistant mania and patients with rapid cycling (i.e. those who experience four or more episodes of illness a year).

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Psychiatric Nursing

Category: Psychiatric Nursing
Some bipolar patients may not sleep for several days in a row. This nonstop physical activity and the lack of sleep/food can lead to physical exhaustion and even death if not treated immediately. It therefore constitutes an emergency.

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Pediatric Nursing

Category: Pediatric Nursing
Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP), aka factitious disorder by proxy or medical child abuse, is a rare but serious form of child abuse in which caretakers deliberately exaggerate or fabricate histories and symptoms or induce symptoms.

NCLEX-RN Practice Question Challenge!

Correct Answer: 3

1: Port selection should be the one closest to the IV insertion site for three reasons: less dilution of the medication, the medication will move into the vascular system more readily and it is easier to assess if the catheter placement is correct by blood return
2: Tubing above the port should be occluded by pinching the tubing, thus stopping the IV solution flow while the medication is given
3: CORRECT | This ensures safe drug infusion ideally. The watch should have a second hand or digital readout. Many medications which are ordered as IV push or bolus need to be given slowly over several minutes
4: Not most important, patient teaching should be done regarding purpose of the medication and side effects to report

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Pediatric Nursing

Category: Pediatric Nursing
Chelation is the term and therapy used for removing lead from circulating blood and theoretically, some lead from the organs and surrounding tissues. It is unclear whether chelation affects lead stores in bones.

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Pediatric Nursing

Category: Pediatric Nursing
Although there are numerous sources of lead, in most instances of acute childhood lead poisoning, the source is nonintact lead-based paint in an older home or lead-contaminated bare soil in the yard.

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Medical Surgical Nursing

Category: Medical Surgical Nursing
Hodgkin's lymphoma, also called Hodgkin's disease is a malignant condition characterized by proliferation of abnormal giant, multinucleated cells, called Reed-Sternberg cells, which are located in lymph nodes.

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Medical Surgical Nursing

Category: Medical Surgical Nursing
A common acquired thrombocytopenia is a syndrome of abnormal destruction of platelets termed immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). It was originally termed idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura because its cause was unknown.

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Nursing Tip of the Day! - Medical Surgical Nursing

Category: Medical Surgical Nursing
The platelet count is ↓ in thrombocytopenia. Any reduction ↓ 150,000/mL (150×10⁹/L) is termed thrombocytopenia. However, prolonged bleeding from injury does not occur until platelet counts are < 50,000/mL (50×10⁹/L).

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Nursing Tip of the Day! - Critical Care Nursing

Category: Critical Care Nursing
One of the risks associated with the increasing use of heparin is the development of the life-threatening condition called heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis syndrome (HITTS), also called white clot syndrome or HIT.

NCLEX-RN Practice Question Challenge!

Correct Answer: 4

1: Seen with CNS involvement, not hypoxemia
2: Pulses will increase with hypoxemia
3: Not related to hypoxemia, seen with electrolyte imbalances - especially calcium
4: CORRECT | Confusion and agitation suggest hypoxemia. Nurse should assess for hypoxemia and manually ventilate with 100% oxygen. Other indications include cyanosis, anxiety, tachycardia and increased respiratory rate

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Critical Care Nursing

Category: Critical Care Nursing
Most pulmonary emboli arise from thrombi in the deep veins of the legs. Other origins include the right side of the heart (notably with atrial fibrillation), the upper extremities (rare) and the pelvic veins (especially after surgery or childbirth).

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Critical Care Nursing

Category: Critical Care Nursing
Pulmonary edema is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the alveoli and interstitial spaces of the lungs. It is a complication of various heart and lung diseases. It is considered a medical emergency and may be life threatening.

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Nursing Tip of the Day! - Critical Care Nursing

Category: Critical Care Nursing
Acute cocaine toxicity may be manifested by cardiac palpitations, tachycardia, increased respiratory rate and fever. At high levels of cocaine overdose: seizures, hypertension, dysrhythmias or myocardial ischemia can occur.

NCLEX-RN Practice Question Challenge!

Correct Answer: 2

1: Positive during the first 6 months of life, includes dorsiflexion of the great toe when sole is stroked
2: CORRECT | One of the first signs of increased intracranial pressure. Other signs include irritability, poor feeding and increased frontal occipital circumference
3: Posterior fontanelle closes at 2 months
4: Pupils respond slowly to light

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Critical Care Nursing

Category: Critical Care Nursing
Initially, tracheostomy patients should receive humidified air to compensate for the loss of the upper airway to warm and moisturize secretions. After the first tube change, the tube should be changed approximately once a month.

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Critical Care Nursing

Category: Critical Care Nursing
Indications for a tracheostomy are to (1) bypass an upper airway obstruction, (2) facilitate removal of secretions, (3) permit long-term mechanical ventilation and (4) permit oral intake/speech in a patient who needs long-term ventilation.

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Pediatric Nursing

Category: Pediatric Nursing
Pinworm infections begins when the eggs are ingested or inhaled (the eggs float in the air). The eggs hatch in the upper intestine, then migrate through the intestine. After mating, adult females migrate out the anus and lay eggs.

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Pediatric Nursing

Category: Pediatric Nursing
Teething is a physiologic process. Some discomfort is common as the crown of the tooth breaks through the periodontal membrane. Some children show evidence of teething, such as drooling, swollen gums or biting on hard objects.

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Medical Surgical Nursing

Category: Medical Surgical Nursing
The most serious complications of DVT are pulmonary embolism (PE), chronic venous insufficiency and phlegmasia cerulea dolens. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially life-threatening complication of DVT.

Weekend NCLEX Questions Challenge!

Correct Answer: 2, 5 & 6

1: Habitual cigarette smoking is a risk factor for pneumonia
2: CORRECT | Underlying lung disease is a risk factor. CF causes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
3: Hyposecretion of adrenal hormones, not a risk factor
4: Not a risk factor
5: CORRECT | Pain of fractured rib causes shallow breathing pattern
6: CORRECT | Clients of advanced age are at risk to develop pneumonia. Bedrest decrease lung expansion

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Critical Care Nursing

Category: Critical Care Nursing
A severe and life-threatening complication of aortic dissection of the ascending aortic arch is cardiac tamponade, which occurs when blood escapes from the dissection into the pericardial sac.

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Nursing Tip of the Day! - Medical Surgical Nursing

Category: Medical Surgical Nursing
Signs and symptoms of DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis) include manifestations of dehydration such as poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension. Early symptoms may include lethargy and weakness.

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Critical Care Nursing

Category: Critical Care Nursing
Death from a submersion injury is caused by hypoxia secondary to aspiration and swallowing of fluid, usually water. A majority of drowning victims aspirate water into the pulmonary tree and develop pulmonary edema.

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Critical Care Nursing

Category: Critical Care Nursing
Profound hypothermia (less than 86° F [30° C]) makes the person appear dead. Metabolic rate, heart rate and respirations are so slow that they may be difficult to detect. Reflexes are absent and the pupils fixed and dilated.

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Critical Care Nursing

Category: Critical Care Nursing
Heat syncope is associated with prolonged standing and heat exposure. Manifestations include dizziness, hypotension and syncope. Inadequate vasomotor tone associated with aging places the elderly at the greatest risk.

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Critical Care Nursing

Category: Critical Care Nursing
Four physiologic mechanisms may cause hypoxemia and hypoxemic respiratory failure: (1) mismatch between ventilation (V) & perfusion (Q), commonly referred to as V/Q mismatch, (2) shunt, (3) diffusion limitation and (4) hypoventilation.

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Medical Surgical Nursing

Category: Medical Surgical Nursing
A paracentesis (needle puncture of the abdominal cavity) may be performed to remove ascitic fluid. However, it is reserved for the patient with impaired respiration or abdominal pain caused by severe ascites.

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Medical Surgical Nursing

Category: Medical Surgical Nursing
A high-fiber diet, mainly from fruits and vegetables, and decreased intake of fat and red meat are recommended for preventing diverticular disease. High levels of physical activity also seem to decrease the risk.

NCLEX-RN Practice Question Challenge!

Correct Answer: 1

1: CORRECT | Staph infection that causes vomiting, diarrhea and shock. Early diagnosis is critical to avoid involvement with other organ systems. Assign to the RN
2: Stable client with an expected outcome
3: Degeneration anomaly of chorionic villi, curettage done to completely remove all molar tissues. Assign to nursing assistant
4: Monitor pain, hemorrhage and ability to void. Assign to LPN/LVN

Nursing Tip of the Day! - Medical Surgical Nursing

Category: Medical Surgical Nursing
Abdominal pain is the most common symptom of peritonitis. A universal sign of peritonitis is tenderness over the involved area. Rebound tenderness, muscular rigidity and spasm are other major signs of irritation of the peritoneum.

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Nursing Tip of the Day! - Medical Surgical Nursing

Category: Medical Surgical Nursing
Diarrhea is considered chronic when it lasts for at least 4 weeks. Severe diarrhea produces life-threatening dehydration, electrolyte disturbances (hypokalemia) and acid-base imbalances (metabolic acidosis).