Category: Fundamentals Severe hypercalcemia, especially if rapidly developing, will lead to death if untreated. First-line treatment for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia is intravenous fluid.
August 19, 2019
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Severe hypercalcemia, especially if rapidly developing, will lead to death if untreated. First-line treatment for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia is intravenous fluid.
August 18, 2019
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Calcitriol overproduction is usually seen in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, in which secreted cytokines inappropriately activate the vitamin D-activating enzyme 1α-hydroxylase in macrophages.
August 17, 2019
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Serum calcium regulation is achieved by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol (the activated form of vitamin D), which both increase serum calcium level, and to a lesser extent by calcitonin, which decreases it.
August 16, 2019
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Digoxin, sulfonamides, phenytoin, aspirin, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists, quinine and quinidine are drugs that may be associated with thrombocytopenia. After the drug is stopped, the platelet count improves slowly during a period of 3 to 7 days.
August 15, 2019
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Normally, one platelet is present per 10 to 20 RBCs. Often, the count is automated, the normal range being 150,000 to 400,000/mm. Platelet counts less than 100,000/mm define thrombocytopenia.
August 14, 2019
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Dilutional thrombocytopenia occurs in cases of massive transfusion, exchange transfusion or extracorporeal circulation. Volume replacement with stored blood is platelet poor because platelets have a life span of only 9 days.
August 13, 2019
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is classically seen as the constellation of thrombocytopenic purpura, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, fluctuating neurologic symptoms, renal disease and fever.
August 12, 2019
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a side effect associated with heparin. It usually occurs 5 to 7 days after the initiation of heparin treatment. The diagnosis is suggested with > 50% reduction in platelets after heparin initiation.
August 11, 2019
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Thrombocytopenia from decreased bone marrow production is usually caused by the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, myelophthisic disease or direct bone marrow effects of agents, such as alcohol or thiazides.
August 10, 2019
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals The coagulation pathway is a complex system of checks and balances that results in the controlled formation of a fibrin clot. Coagulation factors have been given standard Roman numerals matching their order of discovery.
August 9, 2019
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Hemostasis is the process of blood clot formation and represents a coordinated response to vessel injury. It requires an orchestrated response from platelets, the clotting cascade, blood vessel endothelium and fibrinolysis.
August 8, 2019
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Hyperleukocytosis is a hematologic emergency and efforts should be made to lower the WBC as rapidly as possible. Reduction in the WBC can be achieved with chemotherapy, often hydroxyurea and leukapheresis.
August 7, 2019
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Polycythemia vera may be satisfactorily treated by phlebotomy. The reduced hematocrit improves some symptoms. Maintenance of the hematocrit at less than 55% is recommended to decrease hypervolemia and hyperviscosity.
August 6, 2019
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Polycythemia is a term commonly used for erythrocytosis (increased number of RBCs). As the hematocrit rises past 60%, viscosity increases in an almost exponential manner, resulting in reduced tissue flow, thrombosis and hemorrhage.
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