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September 30, 2016
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Delirium is an acute, fluctuating disturbance of consciousness. It is the pathophysiologic consequence of an underlying general medical condition, such as infection, coronary ischemia, hypoxemia or metabolic derangement.
September 29, 2016
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Depression and delirium are common in elders, may coexist with dementia and may also present with cognitive impairment. Depression is a common concomitant of early dementia.
September 28, 2016
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Dementia is an acquired, persistent and progressive impairment in intellectual function, with compromise of memory and at least one other cognitive domain, most commonly aphasia, apraxia, agnosia and impaired executive function.
September 27, 2016
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Regardless of the cause of the fever, alcohol/cold sponges, ice bags/baths and ice water enemas will lower body temperature. They are more useful in hyperthermia, since patients with cytokine-related fever will attempt to override these therapies.
September 26, 2016
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a potentially lethal idiosyncratic reaction to neuroleptic medications, particularly haloperidol and fluphenazine. However, it has also been reported with atypical neuroleptics (such as olanzapine or risperidone).
September 25, 2016
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Fever is a regulated rise to a new “set point” of body temperature in the hypothalamus induced by pyrogenic cytokines. These cytokines include interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon-gamma and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
September 24, 2016
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Lower extremity swelling is a familiar complication of therapy with calcium channel blockers. Edema resulting from calcium channel blocker therapy responds to concomitant therapy with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers.
September 23, 2016
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Normal lower extremity venous pressure (in the erect position: 80 mm Hg in deep veins, 20-30 mm Hg in superficial veins) and cephalad venous blood flow require competent bicuspid venous valves and effective muscle contractions.
September 22, 2016
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Treatment of chest pain should be guided by the underlying etiology. The term “noncardiac chest pain” is used when a diagnosis remains elusive after patients have undergone an extensive work-up.
September 21, 2016
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Pericarditis produces pain that may be greater when supine than upright and increases with respiration, coughing or swallowing. Pleuritic chest pain is usually not ischemic and pain on palpation may indicate a musculoskeletal cause.
September 20, 2016
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Chest pain (or chest discomfort) is a common symptom that can occur as a result of cardiovascular, pulmonary, pleural or musculoskeletal disease, esophageal or other gastrointestinal disorders, herpes zoster or anxiety states.
September 19, 2016
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals The lungs are supplied with a dual circulation. The pulmonary arteries supply the pulmonary parenchyma in a low-pressure circuit. The bronchial arteries carry blood under systemic pressure to the airways, blood vessels, hila and visceral pleura.
September 18, 2016
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood that originates below the vocal cords. It is commonly classified as trivial, mild or massive - the latter defined as more than 200-600 mL (about 1-2 cups) in 24 hours.
September 17, 2016
Nursing Tip of the Day! - Fundamentals
Category: Fundamentals Dyspnea can result from conditions that increase the mechanical effort of breathing (COPD, lung disease, respiratory muscle weakness), conditions that produce compensatory tachypnea (hypoxemia, acidosis) or psychogenic conditions.
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